Planting and Caring for Trees

Plant trees by digging a shallow, wide hole (2-3x root ball width) and placing the root flare slightly above ground level. Key care includes regular watering, especially for the first 3 months, and applying mulch to retain moisture. Water deeply to reach the root ball, rather than frequently in small amounts.

The best way to water trees is to apply water slowly and deeply to the soil, so the water collects below the root ball and helps the roots to grow downward. Watering the surface soil around a tree merely encourages the roots to grow up and out. Whenever you see large trees with roots that grow out and destroy lawns or shoot up to the point where you trip on them, that’s usually why. Newly planted trees need consistent moisture, while established trees only need watering during dry spells. When you have a newer tree, you are helping to get established, watering the root ball as well as a 5–7-minute soaking of the surrounding soil is okay. Use your judgment. The temperature outside will also influence your watering decision.

NOTE: Jefferson Landscape and Design typically install a 3-inch tube beside the root ball and water the root ball directly. The pipe can be filled with gravel so it doesn’t get clogged during heavier rains; the water will still get to where it’s going!

Watering Frequency and Amount

New Trees (1–3 years): Water every 7–10 days, increasing to twice a week during hot weather.

Established Trees: Water every 2–4 weeks during droughts, focusing on the area under the branches.

Amount: Aim for 5–7 gallons of water per inch of tree diameter.

Timing: Water early in the morning to minimize evaporation and reduce fungal risks.

Signs of Improper Watering

Under-watering: Wilted, curling, or yellowing leaves; early color change.

Over-watering: Constant, excessive moisture can drown roots and cause root rot.

Top Planting Tips

Optimal Timing: Plant in early spring or fall to avoid extreme heat.

Hole Preparation: Dig a hole two to three times wider than the root ball, but not deeper. Ensure the root flare—where roots meet the trunk—is visible above the soil line.

Loosen Roots: Gently tease out root-bound container trees to encourage outward growth.

Backfill: Use the same soil removed from the hole; avoid adding large amounts of fertilizer or excessive compost in the hole, as this can discourage roots from spreading.

Mulch: Apply 2-3 inches of mulch around the base, keeping it a few inches away from the trunk to prevent decay.

Top Tree Care Tips

Watering Routine: Newly planted trees need consistent moisture, often daily for the first week, then 2-3 times a week for the first few months.

Deep Watering: Water slowly to reach 6-8 inches into the soil to encourage deep root development.

Pruning: Remove dead, diseased, or broken branches as needed. Structural pruning should be done in winter to shape the tree.

Fertilizing: Perform a soil test first. If needed, fertilize in late fall for best absorption.

Protection: Monitor for pests and diseases early, and use organic mulch to stabilize soil temperature.